经贸英语（翻译）期末复习指导

经贸英语（翻译）期末考试说明

一、考核对象

　　本课程的教学对象是四川广播电视大学成人学历教育大学专科外贸英语类的高年级学生或具有同等水平的自学者。

二、命题依据

“经贸英语（翻译）” 期末考试的命题依据是四川广播电视大学成人学历教育专科英语专业教学计划、课程教学大纲以及教材《商务英语（翻译）》（彭丽编，四川科学技术出版社出版）。

三、命题原则

本学期我们学习了《商务英语（翻译）》，共三章，其中翻译理论不作考试要求，重在理解。主要考查翻译技巧，即考查翻译实践的能力。

四、试题结构

“经贸英语（翻译）”期末考试的试题分为六个部分，包括不同层次的英汉互译，即用词、句子、段落的英汉互译。具体结构如下：

考试部分	考试题型	分值	时间
一	术语或词组英译汉	10分	10 分钟
二	术语或词组汉译英	10分	10 分钟
三	句子英译汉	15分	20分钟
四	句子汉译英	15分	20分钟
五	段落英译汉	30/25分	35/30分钟
六	段落汉译英	20/25分	25/30分钟

五、考查重点

本课程采用的文字教材为《商务英语（翻译）》（彭丽编，四川科学技术出版社出版）。

该教材由三章组成：

第一章 翻译理论与技巧

第一节翻译概述

一、何谓翻译

二、翻译的过程

三、翻译的标准

第二节常用翻译技巧

一、词语的译法

二、句子的译法

第三节常用英语结构的翻译

一、被动语态的译法

二、定语从句的译法

三、状语从句的译法

四、英语否定句的译法

五、数词的译法

第二章 应用翻译

第一节商务信函的用语特征及其翻译

一、商务信件英语的特点

二、商务信件英语句式结构和篇章结构的特点

第二节商业电传的翻译

一、电文用词特点及翻译要求

二、电传结构特点及翻译要求

三、电文格式及翻译示例

第三节商标的翻译

一、商标翻译的主要方法

二、商标英译中存在的一些问题

第四节商务广告的翻译

一、商务广告英语的词汇特色

二、商务广告英语的句型特色

三、商务广告英语的修辞特色

四、商业广告英语翻译的方法和技巧

五、商业广告英语翻译中应注意的问题

第五节业务名片的翻译

一、业务名片的格式

二、业务名片的构成及汉英翻译

三、业务名片翻译中的几个具体问题

第六节行业介绍的翻译

第七节产品介绍的翻译

第八节产品使用说明书的翻译

第九节法律文书的翻译

一、遣词的特点及英译的要求

二、句子特点

三、英译时应注意的几个问题

第十节涉外经济合同的翻译

一、销售合同

二、国际租赁合同实例

三、加工合同

四、寄售契约

五、补偿贸易合同

六、代理契约

第三章 翻译实践

第一节翻译理论实践材料

一、词语的翻译

二、句子的翻译

三、习语的翻译

四、英语常用结构的翻译

第二节应用翻译实践材料

一、商务信函

二、电传

三、商标

四、广告

五、名片

六、行业介绍

七、产品介绍

八、产品使用说明书

九、法律文书

十、合同

第三节翻译理论实践材料参考译文

第四节应用翻译实践从材料参考译文

重点应让学生了解商务文书的特点及语言特征，培养对商务文书的语言敏感度。如：

1． 日常询函

1）回函如能寄一份贵方最近的商品目录，我们将不胜感激。

We would appreciate it very much if you could send us your latest catalogue.

2） ……上我们看到了贵方的广告，若能告知……的详细情况则不胜感激。

We have seen your advertisement in … and shall be glad (obliged) if you will send us particulars of …

We have received an enquiry for… and should be glad (obliged) if you would send us…

We are interested in… and should be glad (obliged) if you would send us…

3) 请给我们寄一些样料。

Would you please mail us some sample materials?

4) 若贵方告知关于付款及其它条件的详情，则不胜感激。

We shall be pleased if you will give us particulars as to your terms and conditions.

5) 经…推荐得知，贵公司是…的主要经营者。

Your firm was recommended to us by … as the main manufacturer of … and we wish to enquire about….

We learned from…that your company is one of the main manufacturers of ….

6）希望很快能得到您的答复。

We look forward to hearing from you very soon.

We should appreciate an early reply.

We look forward to your prompt and favorable reply.

As the matter is urgent we should appreciate an early/immediate reply.

7) 回信时请告知交货日期。

It would be very much appreciated if you could confirm the date of your delivery.

8) 请尽快确认装运安排。

It would be very much appreciated if you could confirm the shipping arrangement as soon as possible.

2. 日常询函的答复

1）感谢贵方5月8日对…的垂询。

Thank you for your enquiry of May 8^th concerning …

We were pleased (happy, glad etc.) to receive your enquiry of May 8^thconcerning …

2) 参照你方5月8日的询函，现附上我们的最新目录，从中你会对我们的新产品有更多的了解。

With reference to your enquiry (request, letter) of May 8^th, enclosed is our latest catalogue from which you may have a better understanding of our new products.

In regard to your enquiry, we are pleased to send you …

3）很高兴为贵方寄上我们的样品，及其报价和折扣的详情。

We are pleased to send you samples of our products with their quotations and discounts.

We are sending you samples asked for in your letter of…

4）我方目录上列出的所有项目均有存货，而且随时准备装船。

All the items listed in our catalogue are now in stock and ready for immdiate shipment.

5) 贵方所询的产品现在缺货，不过可望在一周内来货。

The products you inquired about is out of stock now. However we expect to have a new supply within this week.

3. 下订单

1）感谢贵方的报价，我们乐于向你方定购以下产品。

We thank you for your quotation and are pleased to place an order for the following items.

2) 感谢来函和样品，我方对你们的商品价格和质量均感满意，现寄回填好的订单。

Thank you for your letter and the samples enclosed. We find both prices and quality satisfactory and are glad to return you the completed order form.

3) 请确认订单和期盼你方在5月8日能够交货。

Please acknowlege this order and confirm that you will be able to deliver by May 8^th.

4. 索赔信

1) 我们今天收到我们的订货，但不得不遗憾地说：这些产品比贵方的样品质量低劣得多。

We have received your products we ordered, but regret to say they are very much inferior in quality to your samples.

2) 我们遗憾地奉告：到货与样品不符。

We regret to inform you that the goods are not in accordance with your samples.

3）因货品破损，我方蒙受了很大的经济损失，不得不请贵方赔偿。

We are obliged to ask you to make up for the heavy loss we have suffered by the damage of the goods.

4) 我方5月8日订单项下的三箱个人电脑应在两月前到货，请查询有关交货情况。

It would be highly appreciated if you look into our order of May 8^th for three cartons of personal computers, which should have reached our destination two months ago.

5) 期待贵方对这件事尽早回复。

We are looking forward to having your early reply to this matter.

5. 索赔信回复

1) 感谢你指出这一事件，我们已经安排立即装运。

We are grateful to you for pointing out the incident and have arranged for the immediate despatch.

2）从贵方5月8日来函得知，运送给贵方的货物到达时有破损，深感遗憾。

We regret to learn from your letter of May 8^th that the goods sent to you arrived in a damaged condition.

We regret to hear that …

Your letter of … telling us that …was received today.

We have received your letter of … and regret to know that …

3）我方已调查此事，发现贵方索赔完全正当。

We have looked into the matter and found that your claim is perfectly justified.

4) 替代品；替换品（replacement; substitute）

5) 很抱歉给贵方带来的巨大不便。

We apologize for the inconvenience you have suffered.

六、学习方法建议

1．在这本教材中，编入了大量的实践练习材料，辅导教师可以根据教材中介绍的翻译技巧，及时的让学生做练习，巩固知识。

2．翻译教学不同于阅读、听力、口语、写作的教学，它强调两种语言间的转换，仅有对英语的掌握是不能学好翻译的，同时，只有对母语的熟练更是枉然。所以，翻译教学并不提倡用英语教学。通过大量、详实的商务英语范例，帮助学生利用文体分析法分析和识别商务英语在谴词造句和文体规范等方面的特点，培养他们熟练使用各种翻译技巧进行商务英语翻译的技能。

3．翻译教学的目的是培养学生运用一种自然语言进行跨文化信息传播的能力。如何培养应属于教学法研究的内容。翻译教学该如何实施最主要还是体现在课堂教学的组织上，即课堂教学法。在实际教学过程中，教师不仅仅是知识的传播者，而且是一个促学者--课堂活动的设计者、更应是组织者和参与者，教师应该胜任这一多元角色，不仅采用传统的单向式传播，即填鸭式教法，还应采用双向式、多向式的交际功能传授法，积极发挥教师与学生、学生与学生、学生与教师之间的交际作用。

4．面授辅导除针对教学中的重难点适量讲解与答疑外，应主要为学生提供机会进行翻译练习、交流翻译心得的机会。辅导课要以学生为中心，教师的辅导要围绕学生的活动来展开，可采取答疑、组织两人交流或小组讨论等灵活多样的形式，以激发学生转换两种语言、表达思想情感的兴趣，以提高英汉翻译能力，弥补远距离学习过程中语言学习者缺少运用目的语面对面进行交流的机会的缺憾。在组织这些活动时，要注意及时解决学生在自学中碰到的问题，既要结合课程重难点等共性问题，也要注意针对具体情况提供个别化辅导。除此之外，还应该给学生补充适量与所学内容相关的阅读材料和视听材料，以扩大学生的知识面，提高综合素质，为培养复合型人才创造条件。4．

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七、测试

期末考试每学期按教学大纲的要求进行，形式为开卷笔试。试题比例为教材内容和课外内容各占60%。期末考试的题型主要为各种类型的翻译题。

八、样题

I. Translate the following expressions into Chinese. 将下列用语译成汉语（10分）

1. daily chemical series products

2. establishing business relation

3. sales confirmation

4. validity of agreement

5. retained samples

6. Organization of the Petroleum Exporting countries

7. counter offer

8. Customer Service Manager

9. International Monetary Fund Agreement

10. payments by installments

II. Translate the following expressions into English. 将下列词语译成英语。（10分）

1. 下订单

2. 危险品

3. 信用证

4. 代理处

5. 现货

6. 外贸公司

7. 支付条款

8. 蓝图

9. 建筑材料

10. 现货

Ⅲ. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 将下列句子翻译汉语（15分）

(1) The goods you sent us do not correspond with the sample we gave you. Our customers would never buy such poor-quality stuff.

(2) The purchaser and the supplier shall make every effort to resolve amicably by direct informal negotiation any disagreement or dispute arising between them under or in connection with the contract.

(3) We are interested in the mechanical toys demonstrated at the recent Guangzhou Trade Fair and should be glad to have details of your export terms.

(4) We warmly welcome friends from economic and business circles all over the world to come for business, investment and cooperation with us permanently.

(5) I’m sorry to tell you that your offer failed to arouse any interest among our end users.

IV. Translate the following sentences into English.将下列句子译成英语。（15分）

(1) 我们从欧洲供销商那里经常得到5％的折扣，有时得到10%的折扣。

(2) 老实说，你们所报价格使我们很惊讶。我们原来期望价格要比这低得多。

(3) 贵方所询的产品现在缺货，不过可望在一周内来货。

(4) 感谢贵方的报价，我们乐于向你方定购以下产品。

(5) 请确认订单和期盼你方在5月8日能够交货。

V. Translate the following passage into Chinese. 将下列段落译成汉语（30分）

The terms of payment are an important part of a business contract. From the seller’s point of view, the best terms would be full payment in cash at the time of sale, while the buyers would prefer to have the goods before making payment. Importers and exporters are separated from each other by thousands of miles. This adds to the difficulties of coming to an agreement on how payment should be made. The exporters and importers usually meet each other halfway and agree to payment by letter of credit opened by a reliable bank. A letter will be made on presentation of all the required shipping documents. In this way, the sellers or exporters receive a guarantee not only from a banker that payment will be made on delivery of the goods. On the other hand, the buyers or importers are given the guarantee that the banker will not make payment unless the shipping documents are presented. It is to the benefit of the exporters to have an irrevocable letter of credit, which means that the credit or the guarantee of payment cannot be cancelled either by the banker or by the importers during the validity of the letter of credit.

VI. Translate the following (part of a contract) into English. 将下列部分合同译成英语。（20分）

付款：

承租人付给出租人的全部租金分两次支付，第一次于货到目的港日算起六个月后支付，第二次于货到目的港日算起十二个月后支付。全部租金以美元支付，电汇出租人—— 银行或出租人临时指定的银行。交货后，无论承租人是否使用了商品，包括因不可抗力事故，均须按上述条件向出租人支付租金。

样题参考答案：

I. Translate the following expressions into Chinese. 将下列用语译成汉语（10分）

1. 日用化工系列产品

2. 建立业务关系

3. 销售确认书

4. 协议有效期

5. 保留样品

6. 石油输出国组织

7. 还盘

8. 客户服务经理

9. 国际货币基金组织

10. 分期付款

II. Translate the following expressions into English. 将下列词语译成英语。（10分）

1. place an order

2. hazardous goods

3. letter of credit

4. agency

5. goods from stock

6. Foreign Trade Company

7. terms of payment

8. blue print

9. building materials

10. goods from stock

Ⅲ. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 将下列句子翻译汉语（15分）

1. 你方发给我们得货与我们送给你们的样品不符。我们的顾客永远不会购买质量如此低劣的商品。

2. 买方和卖方尽力设法通过非正式的协商解决有关本合同得争议和纠纷。

3. 我们对贵方最近在广交会上展出的机械玩具感兴趣，请详告贵方的出口条件。

4. 热情欢迎世界各地商界朋友前来洽谈业务，投资和长期交往合作。

5. 很遗憾，你们的报盘没有引起我们用户的兴趣。

IV. Translate the following sentences into English.将下列句子译成英语。（15分）

1. From European suppliers we usually get a 5% discount, and discount.

2. To tell you the truth, we are greatly surprised at the prices you offer us. We had expected much lower prices.

3. The products you inquired about is out of stock now. However we expect to have a new supply within this week.

4. We thank you for your quotation and are pleased to place an order for the following items.

5. Please acknowledge this order and confirm that you will be able to deliver by May 8^th.

V. Translate the following passage into Chinese. 将下列段落译成汉语（30分）

在一个成交合同中，付款条件是很重要的一部分。就卖方观点来说，最好得付款条件是货物出售时就能全部收到现金货款，而买方则愿先收到货，然后付款。进口商金额出口商双方远隔千里，这就给达成付款协议增加了困难。进出口商一般互相迁就。同意采用由一家可靠得银行开立信用证得办法付款。信用证是银行出具得保证，保证提交全套必要得装运单据后即付货款。这样卖方或出口商得到得不仅是买方或进口商的保证，而且还有银行得保证，保证货物装出后定能收回货款。另一方面，银行也向买方或进口商保证在装运单据提交的情况下，决不付款。开立不可撤销得信用证是符合出口商的利益的，因为在信用证有效期内，不论买方或者银行都不能将信用证或付款保证撤销。

VI. Translate the following (part of a contract) into English. 将下列部分合同译成英语。（20分）

Payment:

The total rent shall be paid in two installments, of which, one shall be paid by the Leasee to the Leasor after six months from the date of the arrival of the commodity at the port of destination, and the other shall be paid by the Leasee to the Leasor after twelve months from the date of the commodity arriving at the port of destination. Each payment is to be paid in US dollar by T/T to the Leasor’s account with the bank of ________, or with such any other bank as the Leasor may designate. After the commodity is delivered, the Leasee shall pay the Leasor the full amount of rent in accordance with the aforesaid terms and conditions, no matter whether or not the Leasee actually uses the commodity for any reason including force majeure accidents.