《经贸英语阅读》期末复习提要
经贸英语是大学本科英语专业经贸方向学生第一学期的必修课程，教材是龚龙生编著的《经贸英语阅读教程》（上海外语教育出版社）, 本期学习第1 - 12单元，成绩合格者记入2学分，期末由省校命题。现将本期考试的方法、题型、要求和复习范围等事项通知如下：
考试方式
期末考试的方式为笔试。各考室的监考教师一定要填写登记表上所要求的项目。考试
结束后，请将试题与答题纸装入试题带内密封。
考试内容及题型
考试内容的分配为：1）课内所学内容占80 %；2）课外同等难度内容占
20 %。
2．考试题型及总分比例规定如下：
题目 内容
I． 经贸术语解释
II． 排列组合
III．找出信号词
IV．写出指代内容
V. 写出修辞手法
VI. 阅读理解
VII.
英翻汉语
第一题：经贸术语解释 英语题目是：Give Chinese equivalent to the following
Eg: current account deficit; tight monetarypolicy; administered economic system;
第二题：排列组合 英语题目是：Arrange the following sentences into an effective text:
复习范围：第18单元 observe the flow of ideas
第三题：找出信号词 英语题目是：underline the main signal words in the following selection and write
beside each signal whether it shows emphasis, addition, change of direction,
illustration, or conclusion.
Eg:
consequently: conclusion
复习范围：第19单元 noting signal
words
第四题：写出指代内容 英语题目是： Identify Referents
复习范围：第21单元
第五题：写出修辞手法。英语题目是：read the following sentences, identify the figurative type.
复习范围：第23单元
第六题：阅读理解。 题目是：reading comprehension
第七题：英译汉语。 英语题目是：Translation
考试时间：120分钟。
复习范围和建议
学生参考前应全面复习所学课文，以巩固和提高所获得的阅读能力。
复习时，应以每单元的Reading A和Reading B为重点。读懂其中的每句话， 并掌握其要点。
经贸英语练习， 注意下面的练习题是经贸试题但并不一定是考试题型
I. Words
1. match words with their definitions
on the right.
|
fine |
a. A
time limit for an activity |
|
Inland
revenue |
b. A
letter demanding payment of a fixed time |
|
deadline |
c…A
declaration of personal income used to assess levels of taxation |
|
Tax
return |
d…A
certain amount of money paid as a penalty |
|
Penalty
notice |
e….A
government office that collects tax payments |
2. filling the blanks with words in
the bracket
a. a product made by QUAD can ____
for years.
b. Together they now _____ an
important company.
c. Verity plc _____ QUAD in 1995.
d. Sales of the product ____ in the
early 1990s.
e. They _____ a new marketing
campaign to promote the loudspeaker.
f.
They
_____ new staff to deal with the increase in orders.
g. They ______ the outer packaging to
check the product.
(acquired, continue, form, created,
increased, removed, employed )
3. choose words and fill in the gaps
globalisation is the process driving the
_______ of global markets. Formulating a global strategy means taking into
account the way aspects of the process impact on particular industries and
companies within them.
The world is ____ and success in the new
_____ order needs more than a national or even international ______. It demands
a global approach. This in turn must result in a /an ____ that is responsive to
what is happening around the world.
Being international is not the same as being
global. A global company is one that has a view of the global _____ in which it
operates and has a/an ____ that helps it not only to maximize the opportunities
but also to minimize the threats.
(economic, perspective, shrinking, global
strategy, marketplace, development, strategy)
II 1..Translation
ICT has
made a great difference , especially in the area of internal and external
communication and also in research, the collecting of information, and in
marketing decisions. However, staff need to be well trained, because if they
are not sure about what they are doing they can waste a lot of time doing very
little.
2. Read the article below and answer the
following questions
managers
on international assignments can often suffer from anxiety and impaired work
performance as a result of culture shock.
Among the
strategies they respondents claim to use when dealing culture shock are active
problem solving, seeking support from other expatriates, colleagues or family
members, and keep[ing a positive outlook.
The
research has also discovered that the most frequent symptoms of culture shock
are feelings of isolation, anxiety, worry, a drop in performance at work and
helplessness.
In
addition, it is suggested that symptoms last on average seven weeks, with some
people feeling the effects for as little as five weeks and others suffering for
more than four months.
Questions:
1. what are the five symptoms of
culture shock?
2. how long can it last?
3. what strategies to deal with it do
people claim work best?
III.
reading comprehension
1. answer the following questions
according to the passage
skoda
This result
beats the sales figure for the whole of 1997 by 1,905 vehicles.
October
saw Skoda notch up 2,482 sales –97% up on last year’s
figure.
The
award-winning Felicia continues to be Skoda’s best
selling model with sales up 10% on January to October last year.
This year
has been another milestone for the brand. More and more customers are realizing
that Skoda’s position is one of quality and value,
backed up by excellent warranties, service and maintenance packages and
individual customer service from our dealers.
The last
few years have seen Skoda go from strength to
strength in the
Questions:
a. which car has been Skoda’s
best-selling model?
b.
what
does John Waugh claim are the reasons for Skoda’s
success?
2. true or false
the vast
majority of even the biggest companies still have a culture rooted in their
country of origin. Changing that is one of the biggest challenges to becoming
genuinely global.
The aim
is to employ local managers who have been imbued with the culture of the
organization. The trick is to combine the strength of local knowledge with
global reach.
One
person says, ‘you need a balance between having a very international cadre and
having a national presence.’
Another
says, ‘ though you may want to rotate people, you tend to find they are most
effective in their home country.’
The
global executive, in fact, may be something of a myth.
a. international companies still tend
to have the culture of the home country. ____
b. it is easy for them to change this
culture. _____
c. increasingly local managers are
being replaced. ____
d. people tend to be most effective
when they work on their country of origin. _____
参考答案
I．
Listening
(omitted)
II．
Words
1. d, e,
a, c, b
2. continue, form, acquired,
increased, created, employed, removed
3. development, shrinking, economic,
perspective, global strategy, marketplace, strategy
III.
1．
信息交流技术起了重大的作用，尤其是在公司内部，公司与公司之间，研究邻域，信息管理，及销售决定。然而，员工需要经过系统的培训，因为他们如果对于他们所做的没有把握，那么就是浪费时间。
2．
A.
feelings of isolation, anxiety, worry, a drop in performance at work and
helplessness.
b. it can last on average seven weeks, with
some people feeling the effects for as little as five weeks and others
suffering for more than four months.
c. active problem solving, seeking
support from other expatriates, colleagues or family members, and keeping a
positive outlook.
IV.
1. a. the Felicia
b. quality and value, the warranties, service
and maintenance packages
2.
a. true b.
false
c. false d.
true
Reading Comprehension
Practice
Directions :There are
4 passages it this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked
A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding
letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
Bill Gates, the
billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by
his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world's favorite
academic title; the MBA(Master of Business Administration).
The MBA, a
20thcentury product, always ha borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed (贪婪) on the treelined
campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature. But even
with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school
graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993.This is
nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960,a testimony to the
widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to
run companies some day.“If you are going into the
corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have ont
to have one,”said Donald Morrison, professor of
marketing and management science.“But in the last
five years or so, when someone says,`Should I attempt
to get an MBA,'the answer a lot more is: It depends.”
The success of Bill
Gates and other nonMBAs, such as the late Sam Walton
of WalMart Stores Inc. has helped inspire seifconscious debates on business school campuses over the
worth of a business degree and whther management
skills can be taught.
The Harvard Business
Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints
about business degree holders. The article called MBA hires “extremely
disappointing” and said “MBAs wans to move up too
fast, they don't understand politics and people, and they aren't able to
function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, they're out
looking for other jobs.” The problem ,most participants in the debate
acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光环) of future riches and power for
beyond its actual importance and usefulness.
Enrollemnt in business schools exploded in the 1970s
and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career
could do with out one.The growth was fueled by a backlach(反冲)against the antibusiness values of the
1960s and by the women's movement.
Business people who
have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to
analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people.“They
don't get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business,”said
James Shaffer ,vicepresident and principal of the
Towers Perrin managment consulting firm.
1.According to
Paragraph 2,what is the general attitude towards business on campuses dominated
by purer disciplines?
A)Envious.
B)Scornful.
C)Realistic.
D)Appreciative.
2.It seems that the
controversy over the valus of MBA degrees has been
fueled mainly by ______.
A)the success of many
nonMBAs
B)the complaints from
various employers
C)the prro performance of MBAs at work
D)the criticism from
the scientists of purer disciplines
3.What is the major
weakness of MBA bolders according to The Harvard
Business Review?
A)They are not good
at dealing with people.
B)THey
keep complaining about their jobs.
C)They are usually selfcentered.
D)Thay
are aggressive and greedy.
4.From the passage we
know that most MBAs_________ .
A)can climb the
corporate ladder fairly quickly
B)cherish unrealistic
expectations about their future
C)quit their jobs
once they are familiar with their workmates
D)receive salaries
that do not match their professional training
5.What is the passage
mainly about?
A)A debate held
recently on university campuses.
B)Doubts about the
worth of hodding an MBA degree.
C)Why there is an
increased enrollment in MBA programs.
D)The necessity of
reforming MBA programs in business schools.
Passage Two
Questions 6 to 10 are hased on the following passage.
German Chancellor (首相)Otto Von Bismarck may be most
famous for his military and diplomatic talent.but his
legacy(遣产)includes many of today's social insurance programs.During the middle of the 19th century,Germany,along
with other European nations,experienced an unprecedented
rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization.Motivated in part by Christian
compassion(怜悯)for the helpless as well as a practical
political impulse to undercut thesupport of the
socialist labor movement.Chancellor Bismarck created
the world'sfirst workers' compensation law in 1884.
By 1908,the United
States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers'compensation insurance.America's
injured orkers could sue for damages in a court of law,but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers.For example,employees
had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and
that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace.The first state workers' compensation law in the
country passed in 1911,and the program soom spread
throughout the nation.
After World War Ⅱ，benefit payments to American workers
did not keep up with the cost of living.In fact,real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they
were in the 1940s,and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty
level for a family of four.In 1970,President Richard
Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers' compensation.Two years later,the
commission issued 19 key recommendations,inluding one
that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the
states' average weekly wages.
In fact,the average compensation benefit in America has
climbed from 55 percent of the states' average weekly wages in 1072 to 97
percent today.But, as most studies show, every 10
percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in
the numbers of workers who file for claims.And with
so much more money floating in the workers' compensation system,it's
not surprising theat doctors and lawyers have helped
themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.
6.A)The world's first
workers' compensation law was introduced by
A)for fear of losing
the support of the socialist labor movement
B)out of religious
and political considerations
C)to speed up the
pace of industrialization
D)to make industrial
production safer
7.We learn from the
passage that the process of industrialiation in
Europe _______.
A)met growing
resistance from laborers working at machines
B)resulted in the
development of popular social insurance programs
C)was accompanied by
an increased number of workshop accidents
D)required workers to
be aware of the potential dangers at the workplace
8.One of the problems
the American injured workers faced in getting compensation in the early 19th
century was that _______.
A)they had to produce
evidence that their employers were responsible for the accident
B)America's average
compensation benefit was much lower than the cost of living
C)different state in
the U.S. had totally different compensation programs
D)they had to have
the courage to sue for damages in a court of law
9.After 1972 workers'
compensation insurance in the U.S. became more favorable to workers so that
______ .
A)the poverty level
for a family of fourwent up drastically
B)more money was
allocated to their compensation system
C)there were fewer
legal barriers when they filed for claims
D)the number of
workers suing for damages increased
10.The author ends
the passage with the implication that __________.
A)compensation
benefits in America are soaring to new heights
B)people from all
walks of life can benefit from the compensation system
C)the workers are not
the only ones to benefit from the compensation system
D)money floating in
the compensation system is a huge drain on the U.S. economy
Passage Three
Questions 11 to 15
are based on the following passage.
When school officials
in Kalkaska,Michigan,closed classes last week,the media flocked to the story,portraying
the town's 2,305 students as victims of stingy (吝啬的) taxpayers.There is some
truth to that;the property-tax rate here is one-third
lower than the state average.But shutting their
schools also sallowed Kalkaska's educators and the
state's largest teachers'union,the Michigan Education
Association,to make a politcal
point.Their aim was to spur passage of legislation
Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state's share of school
funding.
It was no coincidence
that Kalkaska shut its schools two weeks after residicted
a 28 percent property-tax increase.The school board
argued that without the increase it lacked the $ 1.5 million needed to keep
schools open.
But the school system
had not done all it could to keep the schools open.Officials
declined to borrow against next year's state aid,they
refused to trim extracurricular activities and they did not consider seeking a
smaller-perhaps more acceptable-tax increase.In fact,closing early is costing Kalkaska a significant amount,including
Other signs suggest
school authorities were at least as eager to make a political statement as to
keep schools open. The Michigan Education Association hired a public relations
firm to stage a rally marking the school closings, which attracted 14 local and
national television stations and networks. The president of the National
Education Association, the MEA's parent organization, flew from
Washington,D.C., for the event. And to union tutored school officials in the
art of television interviews. School supervisor Doyle Disbrow
acknowledges the district could have kept schools open by cutting programs but
denies the moves were politically motivated.
Michigan lawmakers
have reacted angrily to the closings. The state Senate has already voted to put
the system into receivership (破产管理) and reopen schools immediately; the Michigan House Plans to considr the bill this week.
11.We learn from the
passage that schools in Kalkaska, Michigan, are funded______ .
A)mainly by the state
government
B)exclusively by the
local government
C)by the National
Education Association
D)by both the local
and state governments
12.One of the
purposes for which school officials closed classes was ______.
A)to draw the
attention of local taxpayers to political issues
B)to avoid paying
retirement benefits to teachers and staff
C)to pressure
Michigan lawmakers into increastng state funds for
local schools
D)to make the
financial difficulties of their teachers and staff known to the public
13.The author seems
to disapprove of________ .
A)the shutting of
schools in Kalkaska
B)the involvement of
the mass media
C)the Michigan lawmakers'endless debating
D)delaying the
passage of the school funding legislation
14.We learn from the
passage that school authorities in Kalkaska are more concerned about_______ .
A)making a political
issue of the closing of the schools
B)the attitude of the
MEA's parent organization
C)a raise in the
property-tax rate in Michigan
D)reopening the shools there immediately
15.According to the passage,the closing of the schools developed into a crisis
because of _______.
A)the strong protest
on the part of the students'parents
B)the political
motives on the part of the educators
C)the weak response
of the state officials
D)the complexity of
the problem
Passage Four
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
Early in the age of
affluence (富裕) that
followed World Wer Ⅱ，an
American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed,"Our enormously productive
economy...demands that we make consumption our way of life,that
we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals,that
we seek our spiritual satisfaction,our ego satisfaction,is consumption. ... We need things consumed,burned up,worn out,replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate.”
Americans have
responded to Lebow's call,and
much of the world has followed.Consumption has become
a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values.Opinion surveys in the world's two largest
economics—Japan and the United States—show consumerist definitions of success
becoming ever more prevalent.
Overconsumption by the world's fortunate is an
environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population
growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or
unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.
Ironically, high
consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored
values of integrity of character ,good work, friendship, family and community
have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches. Thus many in the industrial
lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow—that ,misled by
a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what
are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.
Of course, the
opposite of overconsumption—poverty—is no solution to
either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and
bad for thenatural world too. Dispos
sessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and burn their way into the rain forests of Latin
America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out
onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.
If environmental
destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left
to wonder how much is enough .What level of consumption can the earth support?
When dose having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?
16.The emergence of
the affluent society after World War II .
A)led to the reform
of the retailing system
B)resulted in the
worship of consumerism
C)gave rise to the
dominance of the new egoism
D)gave birth to a new
generation of upper class consumers
17.Apart from
enormous productivity,another important impetus to
high consumption is _______.
A)the people's desire
for a rise in their living standards
B)the concept that
one's success is measured by how much they consume
C)the imbalance that
has existed between production and consumption
D)the conversion of
the sale of goods into rituals
18. Why does the
author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?
A)Because poverty
still exists in an affluent society.
B)Because overconsumption won't last long due to unrestricted
population growth.
C)Because traditional
rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.
D)Because moral
values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.
19.According to the passage,consumerist culture_______ .
A)will not alleviate
poverty in wealthy countries
B)will not aggravate nevironmental problems
C)cannot thrive on a
fragile economy
D)cannot satisfy
human spiritual needs
20.It can be inferred
from the passage that ________.
A)human spiritual
needs should match material affluence
B)whether high
consumption should be encouraged is still an issue
C)how to keep
consumption at a reasonable level remains a problem
D)there is never an
end to satisfying people's material needs