英美报刊选读期末复习自测题
责任教师 聂光华
Part One
Turn the following into Chinese (20%)
The Representatives
newly elected in 1984 were almost four times as wealthy as the first lawmakers
elected only six years before, according to a new study based on the members’
financial reports.
Behind this remarkable swing, the study
says, are two main factors: a court decision that outlawed limits on what
candidates could give to their own campaigns, and the enormous growth in the
cost of pursuing a seat of most means, particularly women, to mount successful
challenges to entrenched office holders.
No matter what their route, young Asian Americans, largely those with
Chinese, Korean and Indo-Chinese backgrounds, are setting the educational pace
for the rest of
By almost every educational gauge, young Asian Americans are soaring. They
are finishing way above the mean on math section of the Scholastic Aptitude
Test and, according to one comprehensive study of
Part Two （A） Turn the underlined parts into Chinese (30%)
1．run for Congress
2. British Foreign
Secretary
3. They were just taking a break from the students and most exhilarating work of their lives.
4. U.S. News
& World Report
5. UNESCO
6. They were just taking a break from the students and most exhilarating work of their lives.
7．Senate Majority Whip
8．Westinghouse Science Talent Search
9. They dressed her up in a prim gray suit.
10.
11. Daily Telegragh
12. The classroom is a virtual one, with students logging in from all over the globe.
13．Free Press
14．Shao Yibo scribbled down a business
proposal, sold his belongings and left for
15．Those on the roster aver age 16 years of age—and 14 arrested.
16. Later in 1986,
crack cocaine hit the drowsy port city of
17．Both activities, it turns out, are
harming the ancient Buddhist grottoes that make this place one of
18. Many of the murals are already sagging or peeling from the earthen walls.
Part Two （B）Turn
the following into Chinese (30%)
1．lobbyist 2. Congress
3. the Capitol 4.senate
5 .Watergate 6. G.O.P.
7.cover story 8.whiz kid
9. appeals court 10. a law withholding taxes on interest payment
11. diversity of democracy 12. political realignment
13. Free Press 14. the budget package
15. Wall Street
Journal
16. the Commonwealth
17.
19. British Foreign Secretary 20. Secretary of State
Part
Three
Passage One
Many parents who
welcome the idea of turning off the TV and spending more time with the family
are still worried that without TV they would constantly be on call as
entertainers for their children. They remember thinking up all sort of things
to do when they were kids. But their own kids seem different, less resourceful,
somehow. When there's nothing to do, these parents observe regretfully, their
kids seem unable to come up with any thing to do besides turning on the TV.
One father, for example, says. “When I was a kid, we were always thinking up
things to do, projects and games. We certainly never complained in an annoying
way to our parents, ‘I have nothing to do!’ He compares this with his own children
today: “They're simply lazy. If someone doesn't entertain them, they'll happily
sit there watching TV all day. ”
There is one word for this father's disappointment: unfair. It is as if he were
disappointed in them for not reading Greek though they have never studied the
language. He deplores(哀叹)his children's lack of inventiveness, as if the ability to
play were something innate(天生的)that his children are missing
. In fact, while the tendency to play is built into the human species, the
actual
ability to play-to
imagine, to invent, to elaborate on reality in a playful way-and the ability to
gain fulfillment from it, these are skills that have to learned and developed.
Such disappointment, however, is not only unjust, it is also destructive.
Sensing their parents' disappointment, children come to believe that they are,
indeed, lacking something, and that this makes them less worthy of admiration
and respect. Giving children the opportunity to develop new resources, to
enlarge their horizons and discover the pleasures of doing things on their own
is, on the other hand, a way to help children develop a confident feeling about
themselves as capable and interesting people.
Questions:
1.According to many parents, without TV, their children would like them to_____.
2.Many parents
think that, instead of watching a lot of TV, their children should_______.
3.The father often
blames his children for not being able to entertain themselves. This is
unfair because
they______.
4.When parents
show constant disappointment in their children, the destructive effect is
that the children will __________.
5.Developing children's self-confidence helps bring them up to be________.
Passage
Two
Campaign
strategists have agreed to focus on the Senate, where leaders hope to complete
work on the budget package by May 1. “We felt that if the Senate defeated the
proposal, it would not even come up in the House,” says John Rother,
legislative director for the 18—million—member American Association of Retired Persons.
Targeted
mainly are Republicans, who control the Senate, with particular emphasis on the
21 who face re—election next year. The next election looms large in the
lobbyists’ strategy. “We shall not forget if Congress behaves in an unfriendly
fashion to the senior citizens of the
the NCSC, which
represents 4.5 million persons. “We shall remember—and 1986 is just around the
corner.”
Eric
Shulman, legislative director for the NCSC, explains: “Those up for reelection
will have their ears closest to the ground—and we are making as much of a
rumble as we can. We see this issue being won or lost not in
1．…… where leaders hope
to complete …
A．House leaders B．floor leaders
C．Congressional D．Senate leaders
2．… it would not even come up
in the House …
A． the House of Commons
B． the House of
Representatives
C．the House of
Lords
D．the Senate
3．Targeted mainly are Republicans
who control the Senate …
A．so said because
the Democrats hold more seats in the Senate
B．so said because the
Republicans hold more seats in the Senate
C．so said because
the Republicans hold less seats in the Senate
D．so said because the
Republicans Party holds more congressional seats
4．“It’s the grass roots
that convey the message most effectively.”
A．ordinary citizens
or voters B．basic structures
C．politicians D．Congressmen
Passage
Three
The new cadet stands in full battle
dress, his face smeared with blackgreen camouflage grease, sweltering in the
August sun. Just two months earlier, David Craft, 19, of
"We were the top of our class. Now we're dirt,
scum. They’re always on you. Whatever you do is wrong."
Craft’s best
friend from high school, who accompanied him to
Serious business, indeed.
Yet in the years since
1. The new cadet stands in full battle dress...
A. a student in a military school or academy B. a student in a college or university
C. a navy officer D. an Army General
2. The academy, said General Maxwell Taylor...
A. the Navy academy B. the science academy
C. West Point
D.
3. Yet in the
years since
A. a country in
Asia B. a city in
C. a place in
4. … adept at Pentagon politics perhaps, …
A. ignorant B. know C. expert D. hate
Passage Four
From International Herald Tribune, September 1995
Officials at a government-run hospital said that 20 people were admitted with wounds and that three were in surgery. One of the wounded died upon arrival at the hospital.
A caller identifying himself as a member of Hizbul Mujahidin, a pro-Pakistan group, contacted several news agencies to claim responsibility for the attack.
Hizbul Mujahidin
is the most powerful rebel group favoring a merger with
The bomb went off
in a car near a police station and outside a branch of the government owned
State Bank of
Witnesses said an army truck was parked in the vicinity when the bomb went off. Three cars and five scooters were destroyed in the blast.
Witnesses said that two of the victims were women and that five others wore military uniforms. Some of the corpses were badly mutilated.
Security forces arrived quickly and carried off the bodies. The police cordoned off the area, fearing another attack.
The blast was preceded by a grenade attack a few blocks away that appeared to have been a diversionary measure.
The explosion was
near Ahdoo’s, one of the only hotels left open in the city. The hotel is full
of foreign journalists covering the
Four Westerners
have been held hostage by guerrillas in the
The guerrillas have said they will kill the remaining hostages unless the Indian government releases 15 jailed separatists.
1． A car bomb killed people in central
a. 5
b.
2． claimed responsibility for the attack.
a. A rebel group b. an Indian group c. A member of Hizbul Mujahidin
3．The bomb went off outside a bank branch where Indian soldiers gathered to .
a. fight the rebels b. protect the bank c. collect their pay
4． Destroyed in the blast.
a. An army truck was b. Three scooters and five cars were c. Three cars and 5 scooters were
5．Police cordoned off the area because .
a. they feared there might be another attack b. there was a grenade attack a few blocks away
c. they had to carry off the bodies
The representatives newly elected in 1984 were almost four times as wealthy as the first-term lawmakers elected only six years before, according to a new study based on the members’ financial reports.
Behind this remarkable swing, the study says, are two main factors: a court decision that outlawed limits on what candidates could give to their own campaigns, and the enormous growth in the cost of pursuing a seat in Congress. As a result, it is increasingly difficult for candidates of modest means, particularly women, to mount successful challenges to entrenched office holders.
One solution, the authors contend, is a system of public financing for campaigns, but Congress seems in no mood to change the political rules any time soon.
“The lower chamber
is going upper class,” said Mark Green, the president of The Democracy Project,
a public policy institute based in
The Democracy
Project produced the study in cooperation with the United States Public
Interest Research Group, a similar institute situated in
Of Assets and Millionaires
Members of
Congress must report their assets in broad categories, not exact numbers, so
the figures in the study are not precise. But the minimum average wealth of the
43 lawmakers first elected last year was $251,292. Six years earlier, the 74 new members
reported an average of only $
Moreover, financial data on the class of 1978 indicated only one millionaire, William F. Clinger Jr., a Pennsylvania Republican. Last year’s newcomers included 15 possible millionaires, more than a third of the entire group. Topping the list was Joseph J. Dioguardi, a Westchester Republican, who listed assets of $1 million to $2.46 million.
The main reason
for the change, Mr. Green maintains, is the Supreme Court decision of
“Quite naturally”, Mr. Green said, “this puts a premium on personal wealth.
The 43
Representatives newly elected in 1984 spent an average of $459,344; of that,
$50,329 was their own money in an average case. Eight of the 43 spent more than
$
The Senate puts an even higher premium on wealth. Last year the average candidate for the Senate spent $2 million, and the roster of millionaires in the Senate is steadily growing.
The second factor putting a premium on personal wealth, Mr. Green argues, is the rapid rise of political action committees. They tend to favor incumbents with their campaign contributions, and a result, Mr. Green says, is that it takes a wealthy challenger to make a race of things.
One apparent
effect is the obstacle this poses for women who run for Congress. While women
in rapidly rising numbers are capturing local and state offices, their
representation on the national level has stayed static. The class of 1984
included only two women: Helen D. Bentley of
“It is largely men
who control wealth in
Fred Wertheimer, president of Common Cause, the public affairs lobby that studies campaign financing issues, summed up the situation this way: “Today, if you’re not personally wealthy, and you’re not willing to indebt yourself to the PAC’s, you face an uphill struggle just to get your message on the table.
The authors of the study argue that some form of public financing for campaigns should be instituted. “Competition for public office should be based more upon merit than money,” asserted Gene Karpinski, executive director of the public interest research group.
Mr. Wertheimer argues that “members of Congress know they have a national scandal on their hands” and are willing to consider public financing, or at least a total limit on PAC contributions. But the chances for change in the current system remain decidedly poor.
Obviously the current occupants of Capitol Hill have kept their seats under the present rules, which clearly favor incumbents. Accordingly, Mr. Green maintains, Congress is still probably “several scandals away” from a serious push to change the campaign system.
(From The New York Times, September 24, 1985)
Answer the following questions:
1. Whom does the phrase “ the first-term lawmakers” in the second paragraph refer to?
2. Why has the House of Representatives been changing into a rich man’s club or a House of Lords?
3. In what way did the Court decision favor the wealthy candidates?
4. Are women far behind men in getting Congressional offices? Please give an example for your answer.
5. What role do political action committees play in a campaign for public office?
6. According to the author of the study, on what basis should the political race for public office be placed?