本科英语精读（三）期末复习提要
英语精读是一门听、说、读、写、译五项技能合一的课程，目的是培养学生的英语综合运用能力。为了体现课程的系统化管理，便于电大师生在教学课程中参考，特设期末复习提要。试题将按大纲的要求，注意主观和客观，记忆型和分析型的比例及理解能力和表达能力的综合考核。其中一部分试题内容取材于本期所学教材。
根据大纲要求和教材内容，本学期的试题结构、计分和时间分配如下：
1、词汇和语法结构（20%）
这一部分是客观测试。要求考生在20分钟内做完20个小题，每小题由一个或2个留有一处空白句子的题干和4个选项组成，考生应在4个选项中选出最佳答案，使句子的意思正确、完整。该题重点是考查学生的词汇量和学生本学期及以前学过的语法项目。
2、用括号里的词的恰当形式或其派生词填空（20%）
这部分是主观测试，要求学生在20分钟内读完一篇有20个空白的短文，并从短文后面所列选项中选一个适当词填入空白，使短文意思完整、正确。该题取材于课外，难度低于课后的练习。这部分重点测试学生系统知识的能力。
3. 阅读理解（40%）
这部分是客观测试。要求考生在60分钟内读完4篇短文，并做短文后的10个小题，考生应在理解短文内容的基础上，从每小题的4个选项中选出最佳答案。该题取材于教材之外，但文章难度低于所学课文。这部分重点测试学生阅读理解能力。
3、汉译英或短文改错（20%）
英译汉或短文改错可能是任选一种。英译汉这部分是主观测试，共5个小题，每小题是《大学英语》第三册教材的汉译英练习中选出的句子，要求考生在20分钟内用英语将原句子准确、完整地表达出来。这部分重点考查学生英语理解、表达、应用能力。考生应在平时学习时注意理解、掌握课文内容，并能用适当翻译一些一些难句。
短文改错为《大学英语》（book 3）前8课练习中的一个。每一行有一个错误或正确。共20个小题，20分。
例题如下：
1. If there were life on Mars, such life forms _____ unable to survive on earth.
A. would be B. are C. were D. will be
2. He is a controversial person, but his science fiction books are _____.
A. both admired by his friends and his opponents
B. admired both by his friends and opponents
C. admired both by his friends and by his opponents
D. admired by his friends, also his opponents
3. The soup powder just needs boiling water _______ to it according to the instructions.
A. adding B. added C. to add D. to be added
4. There is ________ funny about Lorrain. She never makes eye contact with _____.
A. something, anyone B. anything, anyone
C. nothing, no one D. everything, someone
The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since
the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator.”
In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.
The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream
man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until
Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was
wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food
deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the
country.
The invention of the
fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast
way of well-tried techniques already existed--natural cooling, drying, smoking
salting, sugaring, bottling...
What refrigeration did
promote was marketing--marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft
drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good
price.
Consequently, most of
the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove
useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are
climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away
continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled
space inside an artificially-heated house-while outside, nature provides the
desired temperature free of charge.
The fridge's effect
upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human
happiness has been insignificant, If you don't believe
me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next
winter. You may miss the hamburgers (汉堡包), but at least
you'll get rid of that terrible hum.
1. The statement "In my fridgelees fifties
childhood, I was fed well and healthily." ( Line
1, Para. 2) suggests that _______.
A. the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge
in his fifties
B. the author was not accustomed to use fridges even in his
fifties
C. there was no fridge in the author's home in the 1950s.
D. the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s
2. Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of
fridges?
A. People would not buy more food than was necessary.
B. Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.
C. Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.
D. People had effective ways to preserve their food.
3. Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?
A. Inventors
B. Consumers
C. Manufacturers
D. Travelling salesmen
4. Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridge's
negative effect on the environment?
A. "Hum away continuously"
B. "Climatically almost unnecessary"
C. "Artificially-cooled space"
D. "With mild temperatures"
5. What is the author's overall attitude toward fridges?
A. Neutral
B. Critical
C. Objective
D. Compromising
If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job
is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companies the
graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work
immediately with very little on-the-job training.
That's especially true
of booing fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornell's School of Hotel
Administration, for example, bachelor's degree graduates get an average of four
or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and
plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a
background of formal education coupled with work experience.
But in the long run,
too much specialization doesn't pay off. Business, which has been flooded with
MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA
may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a
degree washes out after five years.
As further evidence of
the erosion (销蚀) of corporate(公司的) faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State’s Scheetz cites a pattern
in corporate hiring practices, Although companies tend to take on specialists
as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level
management. “They want
someone who isn’t constrained(限制)by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,”says Scheetz.
This sounds
suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts
graduate. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that
liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills,
organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to
analyze and solve problems, David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an
MBA or an engineering degree, “I hire only
liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things,” says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically
thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, mathematics,
economics, science, human behavior—plus a computer
course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize, “A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some
other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,” says Scheetz.
6. What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?
A. Students with a bachelor's degree in humanities.
B. People with an MBA degree front top universities.
C. People with formal schooling plus work experience.
D. People with special training in engineering
7. By saying “…but the impact
of a degree washes out after five years” (Line 3, Para,
3), the author means ________.
A. most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundation
B. an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positions
C. MBA programs will not be as popular in five years' time as they are now
D. in five people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got
8. According to Scheetz's statement
(Lines 4-5.
A. people who have a strategic mind
B. people who are talented in fine arts
C. people who are ambitious and aggressive
D. people who have received training in mechanics
9. David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because
________.
A. they are more capable of handling changing situations
B. they can stick to established ways of solving problems
C. they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fields
D. they have attended special programs in management
10. Which of the following statements does the author support?
A. Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.
B. Formal schooling is less important than job training.
C. On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.
D. Generalists will outdo specialists in management.
请大家认真复习，有问题请联系省校责任教师黄华，联系电话028-87763095。